Columbia University School of Law in the City of New York; J.D. 1971.  Harlan Fiske Stone Scholar, Second and Third Years (awarded for superior academic achievement). Interim Articles Editor, Columbia Journal of Transnational Law.

University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, B.A. in political science, with a second emphasis in psychology, cum laude 1968. 

Harvard Program on Negotiation, Mediation Intensive thirty five hour course on principled mediation 2024

American Arbitration Association Mediation Training thirty two hour requirement to become AAA Panel mediator 2024

North Carolina Superior Court Training forty hour course to qualify as superior court and federal district court appointed mediator 2025

Pepperdine University Caruso School of Law, Straus Institute for Dispute Resolution, “Mediating the Litigated Case” Certificate in Dispute Resolution, 2021.